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Histoire du golf (1)


histoire golf 190 Histoire du golf (1)J’ai envie de vous faire découvrir l’origine de ce sport bien qu’il soit difficile encore aujourd’hui de dire quelles en sont les origines profondes. Les terrains, les rêgles, le matériel, les compétitions sont autant de domaines délicats ayant chacun évolué à leur façon, suivant un chemin personnel au cours de deux siècles qui jalonnent l’histoire du golf.
Les règles du jeu furent codifiées en 1764 par le club de St Andrews, le fameux Royal and Ancient, qui est en quelque sorte « La Mecque du Golf ».
En France, le parcours le plus ancien est celui de Pau, créé en 1856.C’est également le premier parcours construit en Europe.

Les historiens du golf pensent que ce jeu s’est développé simultanément en Ecosse et aux Pays-Bas. Les plus anciennes archives relatent le pratique du…Kolf dès le début du 14e siècle aux Pays-Bas, et en Angleterre (sous le nom de Cambuc).
Le Moyen Âge voit apparaître de par l’Europe des jeux de balles et de battes tout à fait semblables au golf : Le « Hurley » en Irlande, le « le Shinty » en Ecosse, le « Chole » en Flandre, la « Soule », sa version française et surtout le « Pall Mall » qui voit le jour en Italie.

Le jeu de mail (encore appelé pall-mall) était pratiqué déjà en France au 16ème siècle. Ce jeu possède des règles et des attitudes de jeu qui ressemblent beaucoup au golf. C’est pour ce jeu que nous connaissons les règles les plus anciennement imprimées.
Plusieurs variantes existent. Celle qui ressemble le plus au jeu de golf est le « mail à la chicane », pratiqué en plaine. On y jouait encore au début du 20ème siècle vers Aix-en-Provence et Montpellier.

histoire golf 2 190 Histoire du golf (1)La chôle (ou soule) était pratiquée surtout en Flandre et le Nord de la France. Peut-être y jouait-on également vers Angers. On possède des références qui indiquent que la chôle était pratiquée dès 1353 en Flandre. Ensuite, les Ecossais viennent soutenir les Français dans leur lutte contre les Anglais lors de la bataille de Baugé (1421). Ils auraient alors assisté à une partie de chôle. Par ailleurs, on se souvient que James 1er d’Ecosse avait interdit en 1424 la pratique du jeu de football et que James II, trente ans plus tard, en 1457, interdit la pratique du football et du golf. Ces interdictions avaient pour but d’éviter de distraire les archers de l’entrainement au tir. En tout cas, il est naturel de penser que le golf a pris une grande ampleur entre ces deux dates. Il était inutile de l’interdire en 1424. Il devenait nécessaire de le faire en 1457. Bref, ce développement se situe juste après la bataille de Baugé.

Ce jeu de chôle est toujours joué dans le nord de la France et en Belgique.

[A suivre ...]

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